# 标准数据类型
# Numbers(数字)
数字数据类型用于存储数值。
可以使用 del 语句删除一些对象的引用
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| del var1[,var2[,var3[....,varN]]] del var del var_a, var_b
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# 支持的数据类型:
- int(有符号整型)
- long(长整型,也可以代表八进制和十六进制)
- float(浮点型)
- complex(复数)
# String(字符串)
python 的字串列表有 2 种取值顺序:
- 从左到右索引默认 0 开始的,往后不断
+1
- 从右到左索引默认 −1 开始的,往前不断
-1
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| str = 'Hello World!' print(str) print(str[0]) print(str[2:5]) print(str[2:]) print(str * 2) print(str + "TEST")
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# List(列表)
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| list = [ 'run', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ] tiny = [123, 'john'] print(list) print(list[0]) print(list[1:3]) print(list[2:]) print(tiny * 2) print(list + tiny)
''' ['run', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2] run [786, 2.23] [2.23, 'john', 70.2] [123, 'john', 123, 'john'] ['run', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.2, 123, 'john'] '''
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# Tuple(元组)
元组是不可修改的列表
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| tuple = ( 'runoob', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ) tinytuple = (123, 'john') print(tuple) print(tuple[0]) print(tuple[1:3]) print(tuple[2:]) print(tinytuple * 2) print(tuple + tinytuple)
tuple[2] = 1000 list[2] = 1000
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# Dictionary(字典)
字典有点像 map 数组
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| dict = {} dict['one'] = "This is one" dict[2] = "This is two" tinydict = {'name': 'runoob', 'code': 6734, 'dept': 'sales'} print(dict['one']) print(dict[2]) print(tinydict) print(tinydict.keys()) print(tinydict.values())
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# 运算符
# 算数运算符
运算符 | 描述 |
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+ | 加 |
− | 减 |
∗ | 乘 |
/ | 除(有小数的除法) |
| 取模 |
∗∗ | 幂, x ** y 返回 xy |
// | 整除,也适用于小数 |
# 比较运算符
==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
# 赋值运算符
在算数运算符的基础上加上 =,例如 //=
# 位运算符
与、或、非、取反、左移、右移
# 逻辑运算符
and, or, not
与、或、非
# 成员运算符
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| a = 10, b = 20 list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10]
if (a in list): print(a) if (b not in list): print(-b)
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# 身份运算符
判断两个对象的储存单元是不是引用自一个对象
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| a = b = 10 c = 20 print(a is b) print(b is c)
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# 条件语句
语法示范
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| if 判断语句1: 执行语句1.... elif 判断语句2: 执行语句2... else: 执行语句3
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python 不支持
switch 语句
# 循环语句
# while
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| a = 10 while a < 100: print(a) a += 1
while a < 200: a *= 2 else: print("end")
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# for
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| for c in "Python": print(c)
a = 2 list = [1, "python", 2] for i in range(len(list)): print(list[i])
for i in range(10, 20): print(i)
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# pass 语句
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| for i in range(10, 20): if i % 10 == 0: pass else: print(i)
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# 自定义函数
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| def output(str): print(str) return
output("你好")
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